Komponist
Biographie:
Luigi Nono wurde als Sohn des Ingenieurs Mario Nono (* 1890; † 1975) und seiner Frau Maria (* 1891; † 1976; geborene Manetti) geboren. Er entstammte einer alteingesessenen venezianischen Familie, seine Eltern gaben ihm den Vornamen eines Großvaters, der ein bedeutender Maler aus der venezianischen Schule des 19. Jahrhunderts war. Als Gymnasiast erhielt er Klavierunterricht und wurde 1941 externer Schüler im Fach Komposition bei Gian Francesco Malipiero am Konservatorium Accademia musicale Benedetto Marcello in Venedig. Auf Wunsch des Vaters studierte er nach dem Abitur 1942 Rechtswissenschaften in Padua. 1946 beendete er das Studium mit dem Diplom, im selben Jahr lernte er Bruno Maderna kennen, bei dem er privaten Kompositionsunterricht nahm. Beide besuchten 1948 im Rahmen der Biennale in Venedig einen Dirigierkurs bei Hermann Scherchen, den Nono anschließend auf eine Konzertreise nach Zürich und Rapallo begleitete. Über Scherchen erhielt Nono Zugang zur Musiktradition des deutschen Sprachraums, insbesondere zu Musik und musikalischem Denken der Zweiten Wiener Schule.
1955 heiratete er Nuria Schönberg (geb. 1932), die er im Jahr zuvor in Hamburg bei der Uraufführung der Oper Moses und Aron ihres Vaters Arnold Schönberg kennengelernt hatte. Das Ehepaar hatte zwei Töchter, Silvia (* 1959) und Serena Bastiana (* 1964).
1950 nahm er erstmals an den Kranichsteiner/Darmstädter Ferienkursen für Neue Musik teil, wo seine Kanonischen Variationen über eine Reihe von Schönbergs op. 41 unter Scherchens Leitung uraufgeführt wurden. An diesen Kursen nahm er regelmäßig bis 1960 teil, dabei wurden insgesamt sieben seiner Kompositionen aufgeführt, von 1957 bis 1960 war er dort auch als Dozent tätig. Zusammen mit Karlheinz Stockhausen, mit dem er 1952 in Darmstadt erstmals zusammentraf, und Pierre Boulez, den er ein Jahr später in Begleitung Scherchens bei einem Parisaufenthalt kennenlernte, galt er in den 1950er-Jahren als einer der führenden Vertreter der neuen Seriellen Musik der so genannten Darmstädter Schule.
1952 trat Nono in die Kommunistische Partei Italiens ein, in der er zeitlebens auf lokaler und nationaler Ebene aktiv war. Seit 1969 korrespondierte er mit seinem Parteifreund und späteren Präsidenten der Republik Italien Giorgio Napolitano, der während seines Jurastudiums Theater- und Musikkritiken geschrieben hatte, und diskutierte mit ihm vor allem politische Fragen. Während Nono sich für Kuba und die Revolution engagierte und für die Dritte Welt starkmachte, setzte Napolitano mehr auf eine Ost-West-Entspannung.
Seine Stücke waren anfänglich oft geprägt von hoher Dichte und Lautstärke, die manchmal bis an die Schmerzgrenze ging. Nono verbreitete durch die Mittel der Neuen Musik humane und politisch bzw. klassenkämpferische Ideen. Beispiele für soziales und politische Engagement waren vermehrt ab den 1960er-Jahren Stücke über Intoleranz und Gewalt gegenüber Flüchtlingen (Intolleranza, 1960/61), die Folgen eines Atomkrieges (Sul ponte di Hiroshima, 1962), die Entfremdung und Belastung durch die kapitalistische Arbeitswelt (La fabbrica illuminata, 1964), den Holocaust (Ricorda cosa ti hanno fatto in Auschwitz, 1965), den spanischen Bürgerkrieg (Epitaffio a Federico Garcia Lorca), antifaschistischen Widerstand (Il canto sospeso), oder die Studentenrevolte der späten 1960er-Jahre (Musica-Manifesta n.1). Seine musikalische Verarbeitung dieser Themenkomplexe bediente sich dabei aber konsequent der Mittel der Neuen Musik und nicht der musikalischen Vorstellungen des sozialistischen Realismus. Später tendierte Nono mehr zu subtil lyrischer Zurückgezogenheit wie z. B. im Streichquartett Fragmente – Stille, An Diotima. Ab 1960 wandte er sich beginnend mit seiner ersten Tonbandkomposition Omaggio a Emilio Vedova einer bis zu seinem Tode anhaltenden Beschäftigung und Erforschung mit den Möglichkeiten der Elektronik in der Musik zu. Nono begann im Freiburger Experimentalstudio der Heinrich-Strobel-Stiftung zu arbeiten. Die dort entstandenen Werke bewegen sich zum Teil am Rande des Hörbaren.
In den 1970er Jahren hatte Nono den Philosophen Massimo Cacciari getroffen, mit dem er in den folgenden Jahren eng zusammenarbeitete. So stellte Cacciari auch das Textmaterial für Prometeo. Tragödie des Hörens (1984), Nonos letztes großes Musiktheaterprojekt zusammen.
Nachdem Luigi Nono sich nach Angaben seiner Familie kurz zuvor wegen eines Leberleidens im Krankenhaus aufgehalten hatte, starb er am 8. Mai 1990. Er ist auf dem Friedhof San Michele in Venedig beigesetzt.
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